Nanocellulose and natural deep eutectic solvent as potential biocatalyst system toward enzyme immobilization

This study reports the immobilization of Candida Rugosa lipase (CRL) onto nanocellulose (NC) extracted from almond shells using p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and sulfuric (ASS) with sugar-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES1a) as a biocatalyst system. The properties both immobilized lipases were studied compared to free enzyme counterpart. Under optimized conditions (2 h, 40 ºC pH 7.0), CRL-PTSA-NADES1a CRL-ASS-NADES1a gave maximum specific activity 4.9 U mg?1 6.57 mg?1, respectively, CRL (4.52 mg?1). Both showed better thermal stability, high catalytic reusability up 7 consecutive cycles. half- life was 14 ? 16 days greater than (27 days). Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area NC-ASS (20.76 m2 g?1) is higher NC-PTSA (4.81 g?1). functional groups morphology further determined by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These findings revealed that NCs NADES1a green materials solvent, respectively had efficiency stability for treatment food contaminants in oils order satisfy increasing commercial demands oil industry.